QQP Model

Gross floor area divided by net livable/usable area - measures structural overhead

Higher ratio indicates thicker walls, more structural elements, larger circulation spaces - common in masonry/luxury construction. For this WZC: 6531/4827 = 1.35, indicating substantial non-livable structural/circulation space.

Number of loading docks or dock levellers

Loading docks represent significant structural and civil engineering cost. Each dock with leveller adds substantially to reconstruction value.

Score: 0=simple pitched roof, 1=complex pitched roof with dormers, 2=mixed flat+pitched, 3=complex mixed with multiple roof types and premium materials (EPDM, green roof)

Mixed roof types (this property has pitched roof with vakwerkspanten + EPDM flat roof sections + dakterras) indicate architectural complexity and higher construction cost

Ordinal score: 0=none, 1=basic/GSM, 2=monitored/central connection

Direct alarm central connection (vs. GSM notification) indicates a higher-grade security system, which correlates with overall building quality and investment level.

Ordinal score for heritage protection: 0=none, 1=inventory/noticed, 2=established heritage (vastgesteld), 3=classified monument (geklasseerd)

Heritage protection has tiered cost implications. A fully classified monument (geklasseerd) requires specialist restoration contractors, approved materials, and regulatory oversight — all at premium cost. Finer granularity than simple boolean.

Boolean indicating whether the building is primarily commercial (retail, office, hospitality) rather than residential

Commercial buildings have fundamentally different cost drivers than residential ones — fit-out standards, fire suppression systems, security, and compliance requirements differ significantly. This would help the model apply appropriate cost benchmarks.

Ordinal score for fire safety installations: 0=none, 1=basic detectors, 2=full detection system, 3=detection+compartmentalization+EI doors, 4=sprinkler system

Higher fire safety levels indicate more expensive construction and better-quality materials. This building scores 3 with EI130 doors, fire compartmentalization, and automatic detection, which adds significant cost to reconstruction.

Number of dedicated dressing rooms or walk-in closets

Multiple dressing rooms indicate generous spatial planning and luxury orientation. One per bedroom suite is a comfort indicator; standalone dressing rooms are a luxury indicator.

Total area of separate outbuildings (offices, workshops, ateliers, annexes) not part of main dwelling

Presence and size of professional outbuildings indicates the property serves mixed residential-commercial purposes, affecting reconstruction cost significantly and suggesting a different finishing profile than pure residential.

Scored quality of fireplace: 0=none, 1=electric, 2=standard wood, 3=insert gas, 4=premium brand see-through/tunnel

Fireplace type and brand are strong proxies for finishing level. A Bellfires Derby Large Tunnel (see-through gas fireplace) costs €3,000-8,000 installed and strongly correlates with luxury finishing.

Number of EV charging points present

EV charging infrastructure is a premium feature increasingly found in luxury builds. Even a single point indicates above-average technical specification.

Area of green roof (sedum, planted, or extensive green roof) in m²

Green roofs have significantly higher construction cost than standard flat roofing (€80-200/m² premium) and signal architectural quality and sustainability ambition.

Average clear ceiling height across all main usable rooms in meters

Higher ceilings directly increase material quantities (wall surface, HVAC ductwork, electrical runs) and are associated with higher-quality construction. In this building, 3.45m on first floor is a premium indicator.

For retail buildings: number of dedicated fitting/changing rooms (paskamers)

In retail contexts, fitting rooms represent per-unit investment (mirrors, lighting, partitioning, hooks) and their count and quality reflect overall retail fit-out level.

Security certification level (e.g., INCERT 1-4, or basic/standard/advanced/certified) of the alarm and access control system

Higher security certification (INCERT level 2+ as specified here) involves certified installers, certified products, and ongoing compliance — correlates with higher-value properties and premium finishing.

Technical room area divided by total livable area

Dedicated technical spaces may indicate more sophisticated building systems

Qualitative score (1-5) for commercial interior fitout quality based on materials, custom joinery, branded elements, and equipment specification

For commercial spaces, the fitout specification (bespoke counters, refrigerated display, custom signage, floor finishes) is the primary driver of reconstruction cost per m², analogous to finishing level in residential

Qualitative indicator of shopfront complexity: simple door / standard shop window / custom etalage / fully glazed facade

Custom shopfronts with bespoke glazing, display lighting, and signage systems are major cost drivers in retail reconstruction

Boolean indicating presence of a dedicated food production or preparation area (atelier, laboratorium, productieruimte)

Food production areas require specialized equipment, ventilation, drainage, and food-grade surfaces that significantly increase reconstruction cost

Detailed sub-classification of commercial use: bakery / delicatessen / clothing / electronics / restaurant / office etc.

Different retail categories have very different base fitout costs - food retail (bakery, deli) typically costs more per m² than general retail due to hygienic requirements, specialized equipment, and ventilation

Ratio of sales floor area to total commercial floor area

Higher ratio of revenue-generating space to back-of-house may indicate investment in customer-facing finishes and higher quality shopfitting

Boolean indicating presence of refrigerated display counters or cold storage in retail/catering context

Refrigerated commercial display equipment significantly increases fitout cost and is a strong indicator of food retail/catering category with above-average m² costs

Number of wet rooms (showers, WC, sanitary blocks) per 100m² of gross floor area

High density of wet rooms significantly increases plumbing and tiling costs; a sports pavilion with 4 wet rooms in 254m² has high wet room density, pushing up cost/m²

Number of dedicated changing/locker rooms

Changing rooms in sports facilities require specific finishes (non-slip floors, lockers, benches, ventilation) and are cost-intensive relative to their area

Boolean indicating presence of a professional/commercial kitchen (as opposed to domestic kitchen)

Commercial kitchens require industrial ventilation, grease traps, stainless steel surfaces, professional equipment — substantially higher cost than domestic kitchens

Boolean indicating whether the building is a sports pavilion, community center, clubhouse or similar public/semi-public leisure facility

Such buildings have specific cost profiles: robust/durable finishes, high plumbing density, large open spaces — different from residential but not necessarily cheaper per m²

Score reflecting how many distinct functional zones or program types are present (e.g., catering + wet rooms + storage + assembly = 4 zones)

More complex mixed-use programs with multiple wet rooms, kitchens, and service areas drive up reconstruction cost per m² due to increased MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) density

Presence of built-in refrigerated or non-refrigerated display counter (toonbank/comptoir) in retail space

Custom-built display counters in retail fit-outs represent significant finishing investment and indicate a higher-spec commercial interior.

Categorical indicator of specialist built-in equipment: none / basic / moderate / high (e.g. cold rooms, professional kitchen, lab equipment)

Built-in specialist commercial equipment that forms part of the building structure (cold rooms, extraction systems) increases reconstruction cost substantially.

Boolean: dedicated HVAC/climate control system present in commercial space

Commercial HVAC systems (beyond basic radiators) significantly increase building reconstruction value.

Type of flooring in commercial space: basic vinyl / ceramic tile / natural stone / epoxy / designer finish

Commercial flooring choice (especially in food retail requiring hygienic non-slip surfaces) indicates investment level and reconstruction cost.

Quality indicator for commercial shopfront: basic painted / aluminium frame / timber frame / full-glass curtain / bespoke design

Shopfront quality is a major cost driver in commercial retail fit-outs and directly correlates with finishing level.

Detailed commercial sub-type: food retail / fashion retail / office / catering / industrial / mixed-use

Different commercial subtypes have very different reconstruction cost profiles. Food retail (with cold chain, HACCP compliance) costs significantly more than general retail.

Area dedicated to professional food preparation or workshop in commercial buildings

Professional preparation areas with specialized surfaces, drainage, and equipment increase reconstruction cost and indicate the quality level of the commercial fit-out.

Total area of refrigerated/cold storage rooms in commercial food premises

Cold storage rooms require specialized insulated construction and refrigeration systems, significantly increasing reconstruction cost per m². Relevant for butchers, fishmongers, caterers, and food retail.

Ratio of glazed facade surface to total facade surface - higher glazing ratio indicates more expensive curtain wall or shopfront systems

Commercial shopfronts with large display windows (etalage) significantly increase reconstruction cost compared to opaque warehouse facades. The 75 m² shopfront surcharge in this dossier is a direct proxy.

Construction type: detached=1, semi-detached=2, terraced=3, part of larger complex=4

Semi-detached (halfopen) construction has shared walls reducing some costs but also requiring party wall considerations. This affects reconstruction cost calculations.

Ratio of utility/commercial area to total gross area

For mixed-use or commercial buildings, the proportion dedicated to productive commercial space vs support areas affects average construction cost per m².

Interior clear height in meters - relevant for warehouses and commercial spaces

Higher clear heights in warehouses/commercial spaces indicate more structural material and higher construction cost. A 4m clear height warehouse costs more than a 2.5m one.

Level of commercial interior fit-out: 0=casco/shell, 1=basic fit-out, 2=standard retail, 3=high-end retail, 4=luxury boutique

For commercial buildings, the fit-out level is the primary driver of reconstruction cost variance. A casco warehouse and a luxury boutique can have the same footprint but vastly different rebuild costs.

Declared or estimated value of fixed professional kitchen installation in euros

Professional kitchen installations in restaurants/catering facilities can range from €30,000 to €300,000+ and are among the most expensive fixed installations in commercial buildings. This strongly correlates with reconstruction cost.

Estimated complexity of facade: simple (1) / standard (2) / articulated (3) / ornate/heritage (4) / monumental (5)

Heritage and monumental buildings have highly complex facades with decorative stonework, period detailing, and specialist masonry that dramatically increases reconstruction cost per m². This is especially relevant for listed buildings.

Total declared value of specialist fixed installations (kitchen, bar, lift, HVAC, security systems) in euros

The sum of all specialist immovable installations (€225,000 in this case: kitchen €160k + bar €20k + lift €45k) is a direct indicator of building finishing level and reconstruction cost.

Ratio of finished commercial/operational floor area to total gross floor area

A high ratio of casco/unfinished space (like the attic here) reduces average finishing cost. This ratio helps distinguish buildings where only part of the structure is fully fitted out.

Area in m² of any orangerie, winter garden, or glass conservatory structure

Glass/steel conservatory structures have significantly higher per-m² construction costs than standard masonry extensions. Their presence and size is a strong quality/cost indicator.

Presence and declared/estimated value of lift/elevator installation

Lifts are expensive to install and maintain. Their presence and value (€45,000 in this case) is a strong indicator of building quality and reconstruction cost, especially in buildings under 5 floors where lifts are optional.

Number of elevators/lifts installed in the building

Lifts are significant cost items (€55,000-€100,000+ each). Multiple lifts indicate larger, more complex buildings and correlate strongly with reconstruction cost. Especially relevant for multi-floor non-residential buildings.

Age of the building in years at time of assessment

Newer buildings tend to have modern insulation, systems, and finishes that cost more to reconstruct. Combined with maintenance status, this helps calibrate obsolescence adjustments.

Total circulation area divided by number of resident units or bedrooms

In care facilities, corridor width must accommodate wheelchairs and beds. Generous circulation per resident indicates higher accessibility standards and reconstruction cost.

Number of dedicated cold rooms (koelcel) and freezer rooms (vriescel)

Industrial cold rooms and freezer rooms cost €15,000-€60,000+ each to install. Their presence in care facilities or restaurants indicates specialized infrastructure not captured by general kitchen metrics.

Boolean indicating presence of RWA (Rook- en Warmteafvoer) or mechanical smoke extraction system

RWA systems are costly installations (€50,000-€200,000+ depending on building size) required for large public/institutional buildings. Their presence indicates regulatory compliance infrastructure adding to reconstruction cost.

Number of nursing/care stations in the building

Nursing stations require specialized fit-out including medication storage, call system integration, monitoring equipment, and specific spatial requirements. Each station adds meaningful reconstruction cost.

Score (0-3): 0=standard, 1=partially accessible, 2=fully accessible, 3=medical/care grade accessible

Buildings designed for elderly or disabled residents require significantly more expensive construction: wider doorways, reinforced walls for grab bars, roll-in showers, lowered fixtures, turning radius space. This systematically increases reconstruction cost per m².

Boolean or value (euros) indicating presence of high voltage electrical cabin/infrastructure

High voltage cabins (cabines haute tension) represent specialized infrastructure costing €80,000-€150,000+. Presence indicates large institutional buildings with significant power demands.

Replacement value of professional kitchen equipment in euros

Professional kitchens in care facilities, hotels, or restaurants represent major cost items (€100,000-€500,000+). Standard kitchen_sqm and appliance_count QQPs do not capture the cost differential of commercial vs residential kitchens.

Boolean indicating whether the building is a residential care centre, nursing home, or similar regulated care facility

Care facilities have significantly different and higher reconstruction costs than standard residential due to: accessible bathroom requirements, nursing station infrastructure, fire compartmentalization, wide corridors, medical gas systems, call systems, specialized HVAC. This building type modifier is critical for accurate cost estimation.

Total insured or replacement value of lift installations in euros

When insurance documents specify lift values, this provides a direct quality and complexity indicator beyond just lift count.

Boolean: whether the property includes purpose-built animal facilities (stables, horse boxes, dog kennels, hay storage)

Purpose-built animal facilities (dedicated dog kennel with labeled space, horse stable, hay storage) indicate rural estate properties with higher land and construction investment, often correlating with premium overall finishing

0=no basement, 1=basic unfinished concrete, 2=waterproofed, 3=waterproofed + floor heating provision + drainage, 4=fully finished habitable basement

Basement finishing investment (waterproofing, floor heating preparation, drainage infrastructure) signals overall quality investment. This property scores 3.

0=none, 1=natural only, 2=mechanical extraction (system C), 3=balanced with heat recovery (system D/D+)

Balanced mechanical ventilation (system D+) represents a significant investment (~8,000-15,000 EUR for a house of this size) and is strongly associated with high-quality construction

Count of distinct buildings reconstructed as part of the same insured property

Multiple buildings (main house + outbuilding + workshop as here) dramatically increase total reconstruction cost and complexity. Single coefficient may not adequately capture the mixed-use nature.

Score reflecting sophistication of rainwater harvesting: 0=none, 1=simple tank, 2=tank+infiltration, 3=tank+multiple infiltration pits+reuse circuits for toilets/garden

Elaborate rainwater systems (this property has 10,000L tank + 4x3,000L infiltration pits + toilet reuse) are a strong proxy for investment in infrastructure quality and environmental awareness typical of higher-finish builds

Boolean indicating whether the building contains both residential and commercial/office use

Mixed-use buildings often have higher construction standards due to commercial requirements (fire compartmentalization, separate entrances, accessibility), which inflates reconstruction cost per m² compared to pure residential. This building shows EI130 fire doors, fire detection systems, and professional-grade compartmentalization driven by the office use.

Ratio of commercial/office floor area to total gross floor area

In mixed-use buildings, the proportion of commercial space affects finishing coefficient since commercial spaces often require more expensive technical installations (HVAC, fire safety, accessibility compliance, professional-grade flooring and lighting) than standard residential.

Area of covered loggia (partially enclosed outdoor space) in m²

Loggias are architecturally more complex and expensive than simple balconies due to their structural integration. A dedicated loggia indicates architectural quality and spatial generosity beyond standard terrace provision.

Number of fire compartment airlocks (SAS) present

Fire airlocks (SAS) with certified fire doors are expensive construction elements that significantly increase cost. Their presence indicates compliance with commercial fire safety regulations and premium construction standards.

Boolean indicating whether the building has dedicated staff facilities (separate entrance, canteen, changing rooms, print room)

Presence of dedicated staff facilities in a mixed-use building indicates a professional-grade commercial build with higher specification requirements. This building has staff entrance, canteen, vestiaire, and print room.

Total dedicated office/commercial floor area (m²)

Commercial office spaces require specific technical installations (structured cabling, HVAC, fire systems, accessibility) that increase reconstruction cost per m² beyond standard residential rates.

Type of building conversion if applicable: 0=no conversion, 1=minor renovation, 2=major renovation, 3=full repurpose (e.g., barn to office/residential)

Converting a barn to professional office and residential space requires significant structural and finishing investment. Repurposed buildings often incorporate both heritage character and modern high-spec finishing, affecting reconstruction cost.

Area of mezzanine level if present (m²)

Mezzanines require double-height spaces, structural engineering, and create architectural complexity that correlates with higher construction quality and finishing level. They also indicate spatial generosity.

Number of named/branded luxury lighting fixtures specified (e.g., Louis Poulsen, Artemide, Flos, Bocci)

Named designer lighting brands are a strong proxy for overall interior finishing budget and luxury level. A project specifying Louis Poulsen VL45 pendants is in a different cost category than one with generic track lighting.

Boolean indicating whether an interior architect (as distinct from architect) was involved in the design

Projects with dedicated interior architects typically have higher finishing budgets and more attention to detail in material selection, custom furniture, and spatial quality — correlating with higher reconstruction costs.

Boolean indicating presence of a dedicated photography or media studio space

A dedicated photo studio indicates a high-end retail or creative business with premium fit-out requirements — controlled lighting, neutral finishes, high ceiling, professional infrastructure.

Boolean indicating whether a full sprinkler/fire suppression system is installed

Full sprinkler systems are a significant cost item ($15-40/m²) and are typically only required or chosen in larger, higher-value commercial or multi-unit residential buildings.

Number of significant structural interventions noted (steel beams, load-bearing changes, floor openings, underpinning)

Each structural intervention (HEB/HEA beam insertion, slab openings, anti-ram-raid floor raises) adds substantial cost. Higher counts correlate strongly with total reconstruction cost.

Ratio of unfinished/casco floor area to total gross floor area

Buildings with significant casco/shell areas have lower effective finishing costs. This ratio allows the model to discount the finishing coefficient proportionally when large portions are unfinished.

Ordinal score (0=none, 1=basic, 2=standard commercial, 3=professional/high-end) for the quality and completeness of commercial kitchen installations

Professional commercial kitchens (with industrial ventilation, oil management systems, professional equipment suites) represent very high reconstruction costs and are not captured by residential kitchen_appliance_count.

Boolean indicating presence of an elevator/lift installation

Elevator installation is a discrete high-cost item (€30,000-€80,000+) that is a strong luxury/comfort indicator for both residential and commercial buildings. The €45,000 valuation in this dossier confirms its materiality.

Area in m² of attached glass conservatory or orangerie structure

Conservatories/orangeries have a different and often higher cost-per-m² than standard construction due to specialist glazing, thermal systems, and structural complexity. They are a quality indicator not captured by standard area QQPs.

Categorical: residential / retail / restaurant-horeca / office / industrial / mixed

Commercial use type fundamentally changes the reconstruction cost profile. Restaurant/horeca has very high fit-out costs (kitchen, ventilation, fire suppression, sanitary groups) vs. office or retail.

Boolean indicating presence of a professional bar installation

Bar installations in restaurants/cafes represent significant fixed investment (counters, beer taps, refrigeration, glassware storage) and are a cost indicator for horeca reconstruction.

Number of elevator/lift installations in the building

Elevators are high-cost fixed installations (€30,000-80,000+ each). More elevators indicate larger/higher-spec buildings. Particularly relevant for multi-family, care, and commercial buildings.

Age of building in years at time of valuation

Newer buildings (post-2010) typically incorporate higher insulation standards (EPB/PEB), better technical installations, and modern construction methods that increase reconstruction cost per m².

Total value in EUR of renewable energy installations (solar panels, heat pumps, geothermal, etc.)

Directly represents reconstruction cost of energy systems. More precise than just panel count as it captures both quantity and system value.

Score (0-5) for universal accessibility features: wheelchair-accessible bathrooms, ramps, wide corridors (>1.5m), automatic doors, tactile floor indicators

Accessibility features add construction cost and are mandatory for certain building types. They also indicate institutional/care building type which has different cost profiles.

Number of independent dwelling units or resident rooms in a multi-unit building

For care homes, apartments, and other multi-unit buildings, the number of self-contained units drives both area and cost in ways that bedroom_count alone doesn't capture for residential use.

Score based on electrical complexity: high-voltage cabin (+3), three-phase installation (+2), solar panels (+1), building automation system (+2), emergency generator (+2)

Complex electrical infrastructure significantly increases reconstruction costs and indicates higher building specification.

Score (0-5) based on presence and density of fire safety systems: sprinklers, hose reels, extinguishers, RWA smoke ventilation, fire alarm system, emergency lighting

Higher fire safety installations indicate regulatory compliance investment and typically correlate with institutional/commercial building quality and total building cost.

Boolean: whether a professional/commercial kitchen installation is present

Professional kitchens with cold rooms, commercial equipment, ventilation systems add €50,000-200,000+ to reconstruction cost and indicate high-spec commercial/institutional use.

Boolean: whether the building is an institutional/non-residential purpose (care home, school, office, etc.)

Institutional buildings have fundamentally different cost structures than residential buildings - different finishing standards, regulatory requirements, equipment loads, and reconstruction methodologies. Current QQPs are designed for residential use.

Boolean: whether an integrated/built-in animal accommodation is present within the building envelope

An integrated dog kennel (as seen here with Hondenhok Mollie on two floors) is a bespoke feature indicating custom design and owner-specific luxury customization, suggesting premium finishing orientation.

Boolean: whether the building is a conversion of an agricultural structure (farm, barn, cowshed)

Agricultural conversions often retain high-quality structural elements (thick walls, large spans) while adding premium residential finishes. They tend to have higher reconstruction costs due to the complexity of mixing structural types.

Basement area divided by total livable area

A large waterproof basement relative to living area indicates significant structural investment. Waterproofed basements with technical infrastructure (floor heating, drainage) cost significantly more than simple storage cellars.

Number of distinct buildings/structures on the same plot

Multiple buildings on one plot indicate either a large estate or a converted farmstead. This affects reconstruction cost calculation methodology and finishing assessment complexity.

Type of ventilation: 0=natural only, 1=system A/B, 2=system C, 3=system D (balanced with heat recovery), 4=system D+ with premium units

Mechanical ventilation system type correlates strongly with construction quality and finishing level. System D+ with dedicated units per room indicates premium construction standards.

Ratio of non-residential/utility/agricultural floor area to total gross floor area

When a property contains large workshops, barns, or agricultural storage, reconstruction cost per livable m² is distorted. A high ratio indicates the average finishing coefficient should be moderated downward as utility spaces cost less per m² than finished living space.

Score based on fire safety installations: EI30/60/90/120/130 doors, automatic detection, sprinklers, emergency lighting, central monitoring

Higher fire safety specifications (EI130 vs EI30 doors, automatic detection systems, central monitoring) indicate significant additional construction cost and are often found in luxury or mixed-use buildings.

Number of dressing rooms divided by number of bedrooms

Dedicated dressing rooms indicate luxury finishing. A ratio > 0.25 strongly suggests premium residential build.

Number of distinct fire or functional compartments in the building

Multiple fire compartments (here 3+ compartments with EI130 airlocks) indicate complex construction requirements and higher cost per m².

Boolean: whether building was designed by a named architecture firm (vs. standard developer plan)

Architect-designed buildings (here ANTA architecten BV) typically have higher finishing levels, more bespoke details, and greater complexity than standard developer builds, correlating with higher reconstruction cost.

Number of skylights or roof windows (e.g. VELUX) present

Skylights add construction complexity and cost. VELUX roof windows in bathrooms are a comfort/luxury feature. Multiple skylights indicate premium roof finishing.

Area of rooms with double-height or volume ceiling (m²)

Double-height spaces are expensive to build (more wall surface, structural complexity, heating volume) and are a clear luxury indicator. The mezzanine open to below implies a significant double-height zone.

Boolean: whether a mezzanine level is present in the building

Mezzanines require complex structural design, double-height spaces, and open stair/railing systems. Their presence strongly correlates with architectural ambition and premium finishing.

Ratio of dedicated office/professional floor area to total residential floor area

Mixed-use buildings with significant professional office space integrated into a residential property indicate higher construction complexity and cost. Fire compartmentalization, separate entrances, and professional-grade installations all increase reconstruction cost significantly.

Known or estimated reconstruction value divided by total gross m² in €/m²

Direct financial metric from valuation reports. In this case €1,818,000 / 652m² gross = €2,788/m² incl. VAT, which is a direct benchmark for the finishing coefficient calibration.

Count of specialized professional spaces (photo studio, recording studio, medical room, lab, etc.) requiring above-standard technical fit-out

Specialist spaces (like the photo studio in this building) require dedicated power, lighting infrastructure, and acoustic/technical provisions that increase per-m² cost significantly.

Categorical: none, minor (partition changes), moderate (load-bearing modifications), major (steel frame insertion, floor plate openings)

Major structural interventions (HEA/HEB steel beam insertion as seen here) add significant cost beyond standard finishing and correlate with ambitious architectural programs.

Count of explicitly named luxury or design brand fixtures/fittings visible on plan or in specifications (lighting, sanitary, kitchen brands)

Presence of named design brands (Louis Poulsen, Bulthaup, Vola, etc.) is a strong qualitative indicator of premium finishing intent and actual material cost.

Average ceiling height in meters across main living areas

Higher ceilings (especially in heritage buildings where 3m+ is common) increase reconstruction cost through more wall finishing, larger windows, and structural complexity. Heritage apartments often have 3-4m ceilings.

Floor level of the apartment (0=ground, 1=first floor, etc.)

Higher floor apartments may require more complex access infrastructure. Top-floor apartments often have premium finishes. Ground floor may have garden access.

The pro-rata share of common building areas (entrance, stairwell, lift shaft) attributed to this unit in m2

Common area quality and size contribute to overall reconstruction cost. A 10% share of 180 m2 common areas = 18 m2 that must be finished to building standard.

Score 0-5 for facade material quality: 0=render, 1=brick, 2=stone, 3=natural stone, 4=heritage stone, 5=premium heritage/ornamental

Facade material directly impacts reconstruction cost. An 18th-century heritage building with natural stone facade costs far more to reconstruct than a modern brick building.

Score 0-5 estimating terrace finish quality: paving type, railings, pergola, outdoor kitchen, planters

A large terrace can range from basic concrete slab to premium stone paving with glass railings and outdoor kitchen. The quality of terrace finishing significantly affects reconstruction cost.

Boolean indicating presence of a lift/elevator serving the unit

Lift presence indicates higher-end building infrastructure and correlates with premium apartment buildings. Also directly contributes to common area reconstruction costs.

Categorical age of the building: modern (post-1990), mid-century (1945-1990), pre-war (1900-1945), historic (pre-1900)

Older buildings, especially pre-1900, have construction methods (masonry, timber frames, stone foundations) that are more expensive to reconstruct than modern equivalents. Age category correlates strongly with reconstruction complexity.

Total area of secondary dwelling units (studio, guest house, annexe) on the same property, separate from the main building

The presence of a 112.2m² studio apartment as a separate building significantly increases reconstruction cost and correlates with higher-end properties that have multi-generational or investment-grade facilities

Categorical indicator of renovation state: original/partial/recent/ongoing

Studio described as 'recently renovated / still in finishing' — renovation status affects current reconstruction value and finishing quality assessment

Boolean for open carport (no walls) as distinct from enclosed garage

Differentiates parking typology for more precise cost modeling

Boolean indicating presence of a carport (open covered parking structure, distinct from enclosed garage)

Carport presence indicates covered parking provision; intermediate between no parking and full garage, relevant for cost estimation

Number of separate insured buildings on the same plot (main house, studio, poolhouse, garage, etc.)

Multiple distinct structures on one plot indicate a larger overall investment and more complex reconstruction scenario, typically associated with higher-end properties

Boolean indicating presence of electric vehicle charging infrastructure

EV charging points are a modern high-spec amenity indicator, correlating with recent construction or high-end renovation and higher finishing levels

Area of commercial or professional space integrated into or adjacent to the residential building

Mixed-use properties with commercial space (salon, office, studio) have different construction standards and cost profiles than pure residential; affects overall reconstruction estimate

Area in m² of a dedicated poolhouse or pool-adjacent amenity building

A separate poolhouse structure represents premium investment beyond the pool itself and correlates with high finishing levels

Boolean indicating presence of a swimming pool (outdoor or indoor) on the property

Swimming pool is a strong luxury indicator that significantly increases reconstruction and insurance value; distinct from poolhouse/wellness room

Ratio of commercial/professional space to total building area

Mixed-use properties (residential + office/atelier) have different finishing standards for different zones. A high commercial ratio (248/873 = 0.28 here) indicates the building has zones with commercial-grade finishing rather than residential luxury finishing.

Boolean: property is a converted or active agricultural heritage building (hoeve, boerderij, vierkantshoeve)

Agricultural heritage buildings have specific reconstruction cost profiles different from standard villas: thick masonry walls, complex rooflines, mixed-use spaces, potential heritage protection requirements all affect reconstruction cost.

Area of enclosed or semi-enclosed courtyard (binnenkoer) within building footprint

Presence of a binnenkoer (inner courtyard) in vierkantshoeve properties adds reconstruction cost due to complex roofline, drainage, and enclosed outdoor space management.

Age of building at time of last major renovation (years from construction to renovation)

Buildings renovated long after construction (like this 1830 farmhouse renovated in 1992 = 162 years) often have constrained finishing upgrades due to heritage/structural limitations, correlating with standard rather than luxury finishes.

Ratio of utility/storage/agricultural space (m²) to total livable residential space (m²)

Large utility ratios indicate agricultural or working properties rather than luxury residential finishes. A high utility_to_livable_ratio (like 205/340 = 0.60 here) suggests the property serves functional rather than luxury purposes, which correlates with lower finishing levels.

Number of solar panels or kWp of renewable energy installation as immovable fixture

Solar installations as immovable property add to reconstruction value. Larger installations indicate higher investment level and environmental finishing standard.

Presence of dedicated staff changing rooms with lockers/showers

Required in food processing and industrial environments, adds cost through wet room finishing, locker installation, and regulatory compliance requirements.

Coded building purpose: 0=residential, 1=office, 2=retail, 3=industrial/warehouse, 4=food processing/catering, 5=healthcare, 6=hospitality

Building purpose strongly determines applicable cost multipliers. Food processing and healthcare buildings have much higher per-m² costs than standard office or residential.

Score for complexity of ventilation/extraction systems (0=none, 1=basic HVAC, 2=industrial extraction, 3=full industrial with make-up air)

Industrial extraction systems (especially for catering) are expensive to install and maintain. More complex = higher reconstruction cost.

Presence of high-voltage cabin or industrial electrical infrastructure

High-voltage installations indicate significant power infrastructure investment, correlating with higher technical specification and construction cost.

Area with specialized floor treatment (epoxy, liquid-tight, chemical resistant, food-grade)

Specialized floor treatments add significant cost per m² compared to standard screeding. In industrial/food buildings this can cover the entire floor area.

Number of distinct refrigeration/cold storage units or rooms

Each refrigeration room/unit represents significant additional construction and equipment cost. In catering/food industry buildings this is a primary cost driver.

Presence of a professional/commercial grade kitchen installation

Professional kitchens represent very high per-m² construction cost due to specialized floors, ventilation, refrigeration, fire suppression, and utility connections. This is a strong cost driver not captured by residential kitchen QQPs.

Number of dedicated cold/refrigerated rooms (koeling, snelkoeling, diepvries)

Each cold room requires expensive insulated panels, refrigeration compressors, and specialized installation. High correlation with reconstruction cost in commercial food buildings.

Total area dedicated to professional/commercial kitchen operations

Professional kitchens cost 3-5x more per m² than standard construction due to HACCP-compliant flooring, drainage, ventilation hoods, industrial equipment bases and utilities.

Total area of cold/refrigerated rooms in m²

Cold room construction costs €800-1500/m² for panels + refrigeration. Total cold room area is a strong cost driver in catering and food industry buildings.

Ratio of office/administrative space to total production/industrial space

Higher office ratio relative to production indicates more investment in administrative infrastructure and potentially higher-end office fitout — affects blended cost per m².

Area of covered loading/unloading zones (overkapping, laadperron)

Covered loading areas with structural canopies represent significant construction investment and are standard in logistics/catering facilities.

Score for staff welfare facilities: changing rooms (+1), lockers (+1), separate toilets M/F (+2), canteen (+2), showers (+1)

Extent of staff facilities indicates building program complexity and compliance level. In Belgium, staff facilities are legally required above certain headcounts, and their extent reflects operational scale.

Number of separate HVAC/ventilation zones (especially extraction hoods in professional kitchens)

Industrial extraction and ventilation systems for catering kitchens are extremely costly (€15,000-50,000 per zone). Correlates strongly with reconstruction cost in commercial buildings.

Presence of high-voltage electrical substation or cabine on premises

High-voltage substations represent €50,000-150,000 investment and indicate buildings with very high power demand — correlates strongly with specialized/industrial reconstruction cost.

Presence of high ceilings or double-height spaces

Higher ceilings typically indicate higher-end construction and finishing

Proportion of facade that is glazed

Generous glazing often correlates with higher-end architecture and better finishes